What Is the Difference Between AC and DC Electric Motors?
Electric motors convert electronic energy into mechanical energy, using either AC or DC electricity. AC and DC electric motors are constructed differently and possess different properties. To fully see the distinction between AC and DC electric motors, electricity itself must be understood. Electricity is often a completely different source of energy to heat or light since it isn't commonly seen in nature. Electric current refers to the movement of electrons along a conductor, such as a wire. The terms AC and DC refer to the direction from the electrons along the conductor.
In an AC motor the electrons flow along an alternating current and in the DC motor the electrons flow along a direct current. The direct current in DC electric motors means that the electrons constantly flow forwards, whereas in AC motors, the electrons switch directions regularly, to ensure they flow alternatively forwards and backwards.
Electricity and magnetism are closely linked and DC electricity was initially discovered, by Thomas Edison, by placing a magnetic field all-around a wire and observing the electrons inside the wire flow in a very direct current as they were repelled and attracted by the north and south poles with the magnetic field. AC power is discovered from the scientist Nikolas Teklas by making use of a rotating magnet with a conductive wire. Teklas found that since the magnet rotated the flow direction from the electrons flipped around, understanding that this process of alternating current retained energy better as opposed to direct current and enabled the transferral of numerous amounts of power.
AC electric motors consist of two parts, the external stator that creates a rotating magnetic field and the internal rotor that turns into a torque in the rotating field. AC motors come in two different types, depending for the rotor used. One type will be the induction motor, which uses an induced current to make a magnetic field on the rotor and may only run slightly slower or faster compared to supply frequency. The other kind of AC electric motors could be the synchronous motor which doesn't rely while on an induced current, and can rotate at precisely the supply frequency speed.
DC motors are made up of six components, a rotor, commutator, axle, brushes, an industry magnet plus a direct current power supply. DC motors are obtainable in two main categories, being brushed and brushless. Brushed DC electric motors offer high reliability and straightforward control over motor speed. The initial price of brushed DC motors is low, but using the higher maintenance associated with replacing brushes and springs, the purchase price can rise. Brushless DC motors make use of an external electronic switch synchronised with all the rotors position. Brushless DC motors are often used where precise charge of motor speed is needed.
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