Electric Motors for Cars
Electric cars are rechargeable vehicles powered by electric motors. Electric motors for cars convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Controllers regulate and control power received from rechargeable batteries to own the motors. The motors might be AC or DC motors. DC motors for electric cars might be further classified as permanent magnet, brushless, and shunt, series and separately excited. The DC uses electricity as well as a magnetic field to create torque, which rotates the motor. The simplest DC electric motor comprises of two magnets of opposite polarity as well as an electric coil forming an electromagnet. The properties of attraction and repulsion are employed by the DC electric motor to convert electricity into motion -- opposing electromagnetic forces of magnets generate torque causing the DC motor to turn. Characteristics desirable of electric motors for cars include peak power, ruggedness, high torque-to-inertia, high peak torque, high speed, low noise, minimal maintenance and ease of use. Current generation electric motors are combined with inverters and controllers for any wide variety of torque.
The abundance of series DC motor has allowed it to become tested over a number of vehicles. The Series DC are robust and long-lasting, along with the power density provides the top value for money. The torque curve suits a selection of traction applications. However, it's less efficient because the AC Induction motor. The commutator brushes degrade and maintenance activities are required periodically. It can be not suitable for regenerative braking, that enable vehicles capture kinetic energy to recharge batteries.
DC motors are simpler and price less, and happen to be widely used in demonstration electric vehicles. Brushless DC have no commutators, and so are more robust and efficient than commutator motors. Such DC motors, however, require newer controllers. Brushless DC in electric cars will give efficiencies around 90%, with out servicing is required for up to hundred thousand kilometers. Experts at Floyd Associates (2012) reason that electric cars with DC Brushless motors can achieve the highest speed but slowest acceleration; AC Induction can attain the fastest acceleration with average top speed; Permanent Magnet motors can achieve top speed and average acceleration; and Switched Reluctance motors provide essentially the most cost-effective solution.
Tesla Motors is often a pioneer in the development of electric vehicles. Tesla Roadster, for example, consumes 110 watt-hours for a kilometer-long drive. Electric vehicles based on current technology cover a typical of 160 km between charges. Deloitte (2012) argues the greatest challenge within the development of electric cars is energy density, or perhaps the level of electrical energy that can be stored per unit mass in a battery.
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